The expression, the order of succession refers to the method used to determine who inherits an office after the death, resignation or removal of its current owner
In the monarchies, hereditary order of succession determines who will be the new monarch when the monarch in charge will die, or he abdicated.
This order of succession, generally, indicates a process of selection, by law or tradition, that is applied to indicate which relative of the monarch above, or any other person, has the right to happen, and then has the right to assume the throne. Often the line of succession is restricted to persons of royal blood (but see also the case of the marriage morganatico), that is, those legally recognized as born of, or descendants of the ruling dynasty or from that of a sovereign before. The people in succession in order to ascend to the throne are called the dynasty.
Constitutions, statutes, rules the house and rules may regulate the line of succession, and the eligibility of the potential successors to the throne.
In the past, the order of succession was sometimes modified or reinforced by the coronation of an heir chosen as co-monarch during the life of the reigning monarch.
Examples are Henry the The young and the heirs of monarchies, elective offices, as, for example, the use of the title of King of the Romans to the habsburg emperors. In the system partially elective called tanistry the heir is elected by the males qualified from the royal family. An advantage of employing such methods is that the dynasty can, from their earliest youth of its members, provide them education suitable to the dignity and the responsibility related to the crown. Some monarchies and hereditary, have had the particular processes of selection, in particular with the accession of a new dynasty to the throne. France chose the birthright of male, during the reign of Napoleon Bonaparte, but, in the absence of male heirs, the constitution allowed emperors to choose who among their brothers, or grandchildren, would succeed. Serbia has been a hereditary monarchy for primogeniture amongst the male descendants of prince Alexander I, but in the event of the extinction of the line, the sovereign could choose any one of his male relatives in the House. In Romania, with the extinction of the male line descending from Charles I, the constitution established that the male line of his brother, Leopold, would inherit the throne and, in the absence of heirs, it would have left the male line of a prince in the dynasty of western Europe, chosen by the king and by the Romanian parliament. The succession of the own agnatic, or succession of semi-salica, which is widespread in much of Europe since ancient times, is the restriction of the succession to the throne to the descendants of a monarch, previous, or current, exclusively through a line of male lineage: the descendants through female lines are not eligible to inherit the throne, unless all the males are dead. In this way, the succession is reserved firstly to all the male descendents, then, after the extinction of these, the female members of the dynasty. Among the monarchies today are using the system of the law of the semi-salica cites the Luxembourg, while among the monarchies abolished, which adopted the system of the law of the semi-salica remember the Austria-Hungary, Bavaria, Hanover, Württemberg, Russia, Saxony, Tuscany, and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
If a descendant of the female ascends to the throne, will not necessarily be the first heir to primogeniture, but usually the relative degree of the next to the last monarch.
Examples include Christian I of Denmark, the succession to Schleswig-Holstein, Maria Theresa of Austria, and Charlotte of Luxembourg and Anne of Brittany.
The law salica excludes females from the succession, giving the throne only to male heirs.
The law salica was applied by the royal houses of Albania, France, Italy, Korea, Romania, Yugoslavia, and Germany. It currently applies to the houses of Liechtenstein, Japan and Jordan In Spain, in, the question of whether the law salica went applied or not, and then if Ferdinand VII would have had to happen to his daughter, Isabella or his brother Charles, led to a series of civil wars and the formation of a dynasty pretender rival. Generally the monarchies hereditary, which operate under the law salica also use primogeniture among male descendants in order to determine the legitimate successor, even if the story was more usual on the preference of the seniority of the birthright. The rotation system was a system of succession in the collateral practiced (though imperfectly) in kievan Rus'.
In this system the throne did not pass from father to son, but from brother to brother, and then to the eldest son of the eldest brother.
The system was designed by Yaroslav the Wise, who assigned each of his sons a principality based on seniority. When a prince died, the next ruler elder moved to Kiev and all others moved to the principality next, climbing. The order of succession can be arranged for appointments: or the monarch in charge or an electoral body appoints an heir or a list of heirs. Often in history, the nominations were restricted to members of a single dynasty The policy of the monarchy elective is currently being used by the Vatican, Malaysia, Cambodia, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Andorra, Swaziland, and Samoa. In the lines of succession governed by the criterion of seniority of the monarch and was succeeded almost always by his brother, or cousins if the royal house is more extensive, and so on in order of seniority. In some societies, a monarchy or a fief inherited was divided in such a way that all the heirs would be entitled to a share of it. Primogeniture (or more properly, the birthright of the male) is a mechanism whereby male descendants of the sovereign take precedence over the descendants of the female sex, and the line elderly of descent always takes precedence on the young line, in every genre. The older children have precedence over younger sons, but the younger sons have precedence over daughters larger. The right of succession belongs to the eldest son of the reigning sovereign This system is used in Spain, Monaco and so far in the Realms of the Commonwealth, though for the latter in, has been ratified by the passage of the birthright, all the same. The birthright was equal, or birthright absolute, it is a policy of succession by which the eldest child of the sovereign succeeds to the throne, regardless of gender, and where females (and their descendants) enjoy the same right of succession as males. This is currently the system of succession in Sweden (since), the Netherlands (since), Norway (since), Belgium (since), Denmark (since) and the United Kingdom (from). The proximity of blood is a system wherein the person closest in degree of kinship to the sovereign succeeds, preferring males over females, to ascend to the throne. In the Kingdom of Jerusalem was used for the succession of fiefs in special circumstances: if a fief was lost to the saracens, and later recaptured, had to be assigned to the heir in proximity of blood of the last owner. The ultimogenitura is an order of succession in which the sovereign is followed by the youngest son. This was needed in order for the younger to take care of the parents while the older siblings had already left home. The succession side, or the succession of brothers, and follows the principle of seniority among the members of a dynasty with the aim of electing the most qualified candidate. The succession of the fraternal is used to ensure that the leaders are adults, eliminating the need for the regents. The system of lateral succession may include or exclude male descendants from a female line. In practice, when no male heir is an adult, is chosen as a heir, a descendant from a female line. A drawback of the succession side is that the system creates many of the lines abandoned not eligible for the succession. The succession of the lateral has been abandoned in order not to bring confusion in the orders of succession. In politics, the desire to ensure the continuity of operations at any time has led to the creation, in most of the offices, of an order of succession formalized. In the republic, if the president dies, he is often succeeded by the vice president, in turn followed by various office holders of the parliament. For example, if the President of the United States of America and the Vice president are not able to govern, the Speaker of the house of Representatives takes over as the president to follow in the line of succession is the President pro tempore of the Senate, the Secretary of State and other government officials.
